AWSD1.3 - Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel AWSD1.6 - Structural Welding Code - Stainless Steel A common combination is W47.1 and W59. For certified companies, there must always be a certification standard stated (eg. W47.1, W47.2,W186) plus a "Construction" standard (eg. W59, W59.2, D1.3, D1.6). Category FA welds require compliance to Level A assessment of surface defects plus restrictions on the angle between fillet weld tangents and the adjoining stainless steel surface. This restriction supplements the 1 in 4 slope in section thickness changes set out elsewhere in the standard. This code covers the requirements for welding stainless steel structural assemblies. Key Words— Allowable stress, cyclically loaded structures, inspection, qualification, structural details, statically loaded structures, stainless steel welding, stainless steel, stud welding, tubular structures, welded joint details The most widely used stainless grades are the austenitic Cr-Ni 18-8 type steels, i.e. EN 1.4301/1.4307, which form more than 50 % of the global production of stainless steel. The next most widely used grades are the ferritic Cr-steels such as 1.4512 and 1.4016, followed by the molybdenum-alloyed Cr-Ni-Mo austenitic steels 1.4401/1.4404. Abstract: Austenitic stainless steels of type AISI 304/304L and AISI 316/316L are commonly used for the storage and distribution of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The steels have to operate at very low temperatures, which is the reason why high requirements regarding toughness and lateral expansion at -196°C are demanded. INDEX A Abbreviations: 32, 598 Approvals: 154, 232 Austenitic stainless steels: 16 - 19, 96, 99 - 105, 168 AWS standards » A5.4/A5.4M: 33, 164 Hot cracking in stainless steel welds is of most concern in austenitic weld metals, although it can occur in all types of stainless steel weldments. Cracking can also occur at rather low temperatures of, typically, 150 °C (300 °F) or below, because of the interaction of high weld stresses, high-strength metal, and diffusible hydrogen. In addition to background information and terms relevant to those involved with stainless steel fabrication, the AWS D1.6-2017 code includes a clause that covers guidance on the design of welded connections. Other clauses in the standard focus on exempting a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) from qualification by testing, qualifying WPSs A brief guide to welding different stainless steels. Outokumpu's Welding Guide is an extract of our esteemed Welding Handbook. It explains the properties that influence weldability and provides guidance to help engineers and technicians weld different stainless steel grades. Download the guide. Use point-of-welding fume removal when welding galvanized steel, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, or bronze. No container should be presumed to be clean or safe. Do not weld or cut on any container, including piping, until it has been examined by, cleaned under the supervision of, and rendered safe by qualified personnel. Stainless steel side considera-tions. As with welding stainless steel to itself, good practice includes such items as proper cleaning before welding, good fitup, and proper shielding gases. Other considerations include the following: 1. Postweld heat treatments such as a 1,100-1,300°F stress relief are often beneficial in improving HAZ Stainless steel side considera-tions. As with welding stainless steel to itself, good practice inc