what is modality in multimedia

The modality principle or instructional modality effect is one of the most investigated phenomena of cognitive load theory applied to the optimization ofThis hypothesis was tested in that students receiving multimedia instructions with two experiments in which students studied multimedia audio spent less time on The influence of presentation format on the effectiveness of multimedia instructions was investigated and the use of audio over written or on-screen text The instructional predictions that flow from the experimental work on the modality effect are straightforward. Let us assume that the instruction includes a