methods to remove permanent hardness of water class 11
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removal of permanent hardness of water by washing soda
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removal of temporary hardness of water
permanent hardness of water can be removed by zeolite process
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Permanent Hardness (non-carbonate hardness) is due to the presence of Standard Hard water (boiled and removed temporary hardness) + pH 10 buffer Vs EDTA Determination of Permanent Hardness: Take 100 ml of sample water in 250 ml beaker. Boil it to remove temporary hardness to about half of its volume and cool to In this method lime [Ca(OH)2] and sodium carbonate [Na2CO3] (or soda ash) are used to remove permanent hardness from water. The chemical reactions involved Permanent hardness of water can be a removed by the following ways: (a) By the use of soda: Soda removes both temporary and permanent hardness. Washing soda process: Hard water is treated with a calculated amount of washing soda when chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium present in hard water 1. Temporary hardness can be removed by boning, addition of lime, addition of sodium carbonate and by permuted process. 2. Permanent hardness can be removed by So, How to Remove the Permanent Hardness of Water? ; and MgCO ; are removed by filtration, which frees the water from Ca ; and Mg ; ions. After these ions are