Here is an example of an instruction encoding as shown in the MIPS32 ISA manual. SLL $rd, $rt, shift_amount instruction encoding You can see the instruction goes from bits 31 down to 0, which is 32 total bits. The first 6 bits (labeled SPECIAL above) is called the opcode. This allows the CPU to distinguish one instruction from another. FI instructions are similar to the I instructions described above, except they are reserved for use with floating-point numbers. Opcodes The following table contains a listing of MIPS instructions and the corresponding opcodes. Opcode and funct numbers are all listed in hexadecimal. Mnemonic Type Opcode Funct add R 0x00 0x20 addi I 0x08 NA The MIPS64 architecture is based on a fixed-length, regularly encoded instruction set, and it uses a load/store data model. It is streamlined to support optimized execution of high-level languages. Arithmetic and logic operations use a three-operand format, allowing compilers to optimize complex expressions formulation. 1 Answer. .data typeR: .word 0x00 #for all TypeR opc code typeJ: .word 0x01 #we will have to left shit one bit when comparing typeI: .word 0x11 #this is a dummy value because if it's not R or J, it is I numR: .word 0 numJ: .word 0 numI: .word 0 endProgram: .word 0x11111111 # you would have to know the address of the #last instruction. • Leads to "backward-compatible" instruction set evolving over time • We could define different fields for each instruction, but MIPS seeks simplicity, so define 3 basic types of instruction This number is equal to 0 for all R-Format instructions • funct: combined with opcode, this number exactly specifies the instruction The numeric codes for the MIPS opcodes are described in three These tables are reproduced in Figure [->]. instruction. This statement names patterns for each of the opcodes in the table at the top of Figure [->]. =(U->)[D->]patterns [ special bcond j jal beq bne blez bgtz MIPS Instruction Set 6 .ascii str Store the ASCII string str in memory. Strings are in double-quotes, i.e. "Computer Science" .asciiz str Store the ASCII string str in memory and null-terminate it Strings are in double-quotes, i.e. "Computer Science" .space n Leave an empty n-byte region of memory for later use then its use and distribution is subject to a written agreement with MIPS Technologies, Inc. ("MIPS Technologies"). UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY A DOCUMENT PROVIDED IN SOURCE FORMAT BE DISTRIBUTED TO A THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT OF MIPS TECHNOLOGIES. This document contains information that is proprietary to MIPS Technologies. Instruction Set The words of a computer's language are called instructions and the vocabulary of commands understood by a given architecture is called an instruction set. Common groups of instructions are: • Arithmetic instructions • Logical instructions MIPS opcode (31:26) (1) MIPS funct (5:0) (2) MIPS (5:0) Binary Deci-mal Hexa-deci-mal ASCII Char-acter Deci-mal Hexa-mal ASCII acter (1) sll add.f 00 0000 0 0 NUL 64 40 @ sub.f 00 0001 1 1 SOH 65 41 A j srl mul.f 00 0010 2 2 STX 66 42 B jal sra div.f 00 0011 3 3 ETX 67 43 C beq sllv sqrt.f 00 0100 4 4 EOT 68 44 D bne abs.f 00 0101 5 5 ENQ 69 45 E When you create an instruction set, you're bound by some constraints, such as the total number of instructions you can create. The MIPS creators realized that there isn't a need for subi (because you can add a negative number wit