HIV-associated dementia (HAD, characterized by marked cognitive impairment and marked functional disability). Impairments of attention, abstraction, memory and learning, speech, and language, and abnormal psychomotor and fine motor functions are the most common features of the dementia. Abstract: The present study aims to systematically review the evidence on the accuracy of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) test for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus The introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has significantly reduced the mortality secondary to opportunistic infections in HIV patients by restoring the immune system. In the central nervous system (CNS), there has also been benefit with a marked reduction of HIV associated dementia. This includes dementia of many causes, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated dementia. Symptoms. The different cognitive disorders have different symptoms. For example, severe cases of HIV-associated cognitive disorder tend to affect decision making, concentration, multi-tasking and physical co-ordination. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or HIV-associated dementia (HAD). ADC or HAD occurs primarily in people with more advanced HIV infection. Signs and symptoms include encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), behavioral changes, and a gradual decline in cognitive function, including trouble with concentration, memory, and attention. HIV-associated dementia (HAD) along with its less severe forms of minor and asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment is a major complication of HIV disease. Its occurrence in the developing world is the subject of an interesting article by Wong et al. 1 in this issue of Neurology. It was designed to screen for cortical dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, and is widely used in medical care to screen for cognitive impairment. HIV Dementia Scale This is designed to identify subcortical dementias including HIV dementia, which is characterized by abnormal reduction of motor speed, concentration, and memory. •HIV dementia is generally considered a subcortical dementia. - HIV dementia symptoms are more associated with motor slowing and loss of executive control than with language and memory disturbance. Assessment of HIV Dementia •Behavioral Observations Assessment of HIV Dementia •Behavioral Observations - Acquired Abnormality knows someone who has dementia or whose life has been touched by it. The number of people living with dementia worldwide is currently estimated at 35.6 million. This number will double by 2030 and more than triple by 2050. The high global prevalence, economic impact of dementia on families, caregivers and communities, and the associated stigma and the HIV dementia scale. In a recent study, prevalence estimates for HAND diagnoses were 33 percent for asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), 12 percent for mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and 22 23 24 Care of People Aging with HIV Toolkit The Northeast/Caribbean AIDS Education and Training Center has developed a This is called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). People with HAND may have difficulties with their: concentration. memory. planning. organising. decision-making. These symptoms usually remain stable over time, rather than progressing to dementia. The person may also have problems with their mood, such as depression or irritability. Download Free PDF. Download Free PDF. HIV-associated dementia, Alzheimer's disease, multiple scl