Cuthbert and Goodheart recently published a narrative review on the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing (MMT) in the Journal. The authors should be recognized for their effort to synthesize this vast body of literature. Florence JM, Pandya S, King WM, Robison JD, Baty J, Miller JP, et al. Intrarater reliability and manual muscle test (Medical Research Council Scale) grades in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Phys Ther 1992; 72(2): 115-122. [18] Frese E, Brwon M, Norton BJ. Clinical reliability of manual muscle testing. Middle trapezius and gluteus medius muscles. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity, reliability, and clinical value of manual muscle testing across physical therapy patient populations. Number of Subjects: 372 Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, resulting in the identification of 9 articles that were relevant to BioMed research international 2019 TLDR This narrative review describes considerations relative to the definition and measurement of muscle strength and practical options for measuring muscle strength as well as their clinimetric properties. 36 PDF References SHOWING 1-10 OF 29 REFERENCES SORT BY The Manual Muscle Test . On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review, Cuthbert SC, Goodheart GJ Jr. Chiropr Osteopat. 2007 Mar 6;15(1):4. ABSTRACT: A body of basic science and clinical research has been generated on the manual muscle test (MMT) since its first peer-reviewed publication in 1915. The aim of muscle being tested, as well as the role of synergistic muscles, must be understood. Manual muscle testing is both a science andan art. To achieve accurate results, muscle tests must be performed according to a precise testing protocol. The following factors must be carefully considered when testing muscles in clinical and research settings: Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review critique and reinterpretation of a literature review. Chiropractic & Osteopathy, 2007. Robert Cooperstein. A narrative review of manual muscle testing and implications for muscle testing research A narrative review of manual muscle testing and implications for muscle testing research. Access Restriction Open. Author: Conable, Katharine M. ♦ Rosner, Anthony L. Source: able to break a large muscle in testing, manual muscle testing has a ceiling effect where the best strength is graded a 5, yet func- tional strength deficits may be present. Lastly, muscle strength is graded on an ordinal scale and cannot express the gradations of strength between each level. The difference between grade 1 A narrative review of manual muscle testing and implications for muscle testing research pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22014904/ Jump to Sections of this page Manual Muscle Testing MMT has been in use for more than a century [ 33 ]. It involves the use of observation, palpation, and force application by an examiner to determine the strength of a muscle action. In the absence of movement, palpation and observation are used to discern whether muscles of intere